Komodo National Park

Komodo National Park Overview

Situated in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, Komodo National Park stretches across the provinces of East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara. Spanning 1,733 km^2, this park encompasses the main islands of Komodo, Padar, Rinca, and 26 smaller islands. Established in 1980 primarily to conserve the iconic Komodo dragon, the park’s mission has since evolved to protect its rich marine and terrestrial biodiversity. In 1991, UNESCO recognized it as a World Heritage Site.

Moreover, it’s honored as one of the New7Wonders of Nature. The surrounding waters of Komodo Island teem with marine life, marking it as part of the Coral Triangle, a hotspot for marine biodiversity.

History

Originating in 1980, the park aimed to protect the Komodo dragon, which gained scientific attention in 1912. Its conservation efforts expanded over time, covering the region’s full range of species. Locals primarily consist of fishermen from various Indonesian regions. The Komodo islanders’ early history remains mostly undiscovered, though they were under the Sultanate of Bima’s influence.

Geography and Climate

Featuring a coastline on western Flores, the park includes volcanic islands with rugged landscapes and altitudes up to 735m. With an annual rainfall of 800mm-1000mm, it’s among Indonesia’s driest regions. The dry season, spanning from May to October, experiences intense heat around 40°C.

Flora and Fauna

Terrestrial: The park’s arid climate supports the endemic Komodo dragon. The dragon’s population thrives on specific islands within the park. Other species include a blend of Asiatic mammals like rusa deer and Australian-origin birds such as the orange-footed scrubfowl.

Marine: The waters around Komodo are a sanctuary for diverse marine life, from whale sharks and manta rays to colorful coral reefs.

Reptiles: Beyond the Komodo dragon, the park is home to several snake species, lizards, and frogs. The once-present saltwater crocodile is now extinct in the region.

Mammals: A variety of mammals, both wild and domesticated, inhabit the park. Noteworthy species include the Timor rusa deer, a primary prey for the Komodo dragon.

Birds: The park is a haven for various bird species, with some being critically endangered like the lesser sulpher crested cockatoo.